Sources

All Information was gathered from the following Documents:

• Algeria–French Morocco by US Army Center of Military History
• Northwest Africa: Seizing the Initiative in the West by George F. Howe
• Operation Torch: The Amphibious Assault on French Morocco 1942 by Alexandra Lohse and Jon Middaugh
• The Landings in North Africa by the Office of Naval Intelligence

All Photos used may be found in the National Archives and in the Naval History and Heritage Command Repository.